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Networking (Tutorial-10) SPX/IPX other Protocol Suites

IPX /SPX

  • IPX/SPX stands for Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange. IPX and SPX are networking protocols used primarily on networks using the Novell NetWare operating systems. 
  • IPX is a network layer protocol (layer 3 of the OSI Model), while SPX is a transport layer protocol (layer 4 of the OSI Model). The SPX layer sits on top of the IPX layer and provides connection-oriented services between two nodes on the network. SPX is used primarily by client/server applications. 
  • PX/SPX is a routable protocol and can be used for small and large networks. The following protocols are part of the IPX/SPX suite: 

SAP

  • Service Advertising Protocol packets are used by file and print servers to periodically advertise the address of the server and the services available. It works at the application, presentation, and session levels. 

NCP

  • NetWare Core Protocol provides for client/server interactions such as file and print sharing. It works at the application, presentation, and session levels. 

SPX

  • Sequenced Packet Exchange operates at the transport layer providing connection oriented communication on top of IPX.

IPX

  • Internetwork Packet Exchange supports the transport and network layers of the OSI network model. Provides for network addressing and routing. It provides fast, unreliable, communication with network nodes using a connection less datagram service. 

RIP

  • Routing Information Protocol is the default routing protocol for IPX/SPX networks which operates at the network layer. A distance-vector algorithm is used to calculate the best route for a packet. 

ODI

  • Open Data-link Interface operates at the data link layer allowing IPX to work with any network interface card 

NETBEUI

NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface) is a new, extended version of NetBIOS, the program that lets computers communicate within a local area network. NetBEUI (pronounced net-BOO-ee) formalizes the frame format (or arrangement of information in a data transmission) that was not specified as part of NetBIOS. NetBEUI was developed by IBM for its LAN Manager product and has been adopted by Microsoft for its Windows NT, LAN Manager, and Windows for Workgroups products.

Apple Talk

AppleTalk is a set of local area network communication protocols originally created for Apple computers. An AppleTalk network can support up to 32 devices and data can be exchanged at a speed of 230.4 kilobits per second (Kbps). Devices can be as much as 1,000 feet apart. AppleTalk's Datagram Delivery Protocol corresponds closely to the Network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communication model.

Network Services

  • Common network services include: 
  • Authentication servers 
  • Directory services 
  • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 
  • DNS 
  • e-Mail 
  • Printing 
  • Network file system 

Apple Talk Protocol

  • AARP-AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol 
  • DDP-Datagram Delivery Protocol 
  • ASP-AppleTalk Session Protocol 
  • ATP-AppleTalk Transaction Protocol 
  • NBP-Name-Binding Protocol 

AARP

  • Maps between any two sets of addresses at any level of one or more protocol stacks. Specifically, it is used to map between AppleTalk node addresses used by the Datagram Delivery Protocol , as well as higher-level AppleTalk protocols, and the addresses of the underlying data link that is providing AppleTalk connectivity. AARP makes it possible for AppleTalk systems to run on any data link. 

The Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP) 

  • Provides a datagram delivery and routing service to higher layer protocols. DDP frame headers can use the long or short format. Short format DDP headers carry only the source and destination service socket numbers, while long format DDP headers also carry the source and destination network and node addresses needed for routing capability. 

The AppleTalk Session Protocol (ASP)

  • Manages sessions for higher layer protocols such as AFP. ASP issues a unique session identifier for each logical connection and continuously monitors the status of each connection. It maintains idle sessions by periodically exchanging keep alive frames in order to verify the session status. 

The AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP) 

  • Provides reliable delivery service for transaction-oriented operations. ATP uses a bitmap token to handle acknowledgement and flow control and a sequence of reserved bytes for use by higher level protocols.

Conclusion

  • IPX/SPX Protocol Suite is used with the Novell NetWare . IPX is used same as network protocol in OSI and SPX is used same as transport layer protocol in OSI model. 
  • NETBEUI- NetBIOS (network basic input/output system) extended user interface . 
  • Apple Talk- is a LAN communication protocol used by apple network and created by apple computers. 

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